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MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES – Best Notes for 2024

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Example 1: “Energy saved is energy produced” what does this means?
Solution: It means that by saving energy we can make it surplus which can be used for other purposes.

Example 2: Where in India we have created tidal energy plant?
Solution: Tidal energy plant have been established at gulf of kuchchh which is providing 900 mw. power by National Hydropower corporation.

Example 3: Where in India we have the largest wind farm cluster?
Solution: In Tamil Nadu from Nagarcoil to Madurai.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Example 4: Name the areas producing nuclear energy in India?
Solution: Jharkhand-Uranium Thorium; Rajasthan – Thorium & Uranium; Kerela – Monazite

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Example 5: What is HVJ pipeline?
Solution: The 1700 km natural gas carrying pipeline from Hazira in (Gujrat) via Vijaypur (M.P.) to Jagdishpur in (U.P.). It has been further extended upto Rajathan, Delhi and other areas of U.P.

Example 6: Why mineral extraction is called killer industry?
Solution: Mineral extration cause a lot of pollution based disease and several serious accidents so it is called killer industry.

Example 7: Which areas are the major mica producing areas of Rajasthan?
Solution: Major Mica producing areas of Rajasthan are around Ajmer.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Example 8: Why Aluminium is considered as an important metal?
Solution: Aluminium is considered as an important metal because it combines the strength of metal with extreme lightness and also good conductivity and great malleability.

Example 9: Which state of India is the largest producer of maganese in India?
Solution: Orissa which produced 33% of national production.

Example 10: Which is the hardest and the softest mineral?
Solution: The hardest mineral is diamond and the softest is talc.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

ASSIGNMENT – 1 (NCERT QUESTIONS)

(ii) Mineral is a homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure. They are formed by a combination of elements. They are an essential part of our lives. The hardest mineral is diamond and the softest is talc. Minerals are usually found in “ores”.

(iii) In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are known as veins and the larger are known as lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid/molten and gaseous forms are forced upwards through cavities towards the earths’ surface. They cool and solidify as they rise.

(iv) We need to conserve mineral resources because theyare finite and nonrenewable. Rich mineral deposits are our country’s most valuable but short-lived possessions. Continued extraction of ores leads to increasing costs as mineral extraction comes from greater depths along with decrease inquality.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.3 Answer the following in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Ans. (i) Coal is an important fossil fuel of India. It is the most abundantly available fossil fuel. It provides about 80% of the nation’s energy needs. India is highly dependent on coal for meeting its commercial energy requirements. In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geologicalages-Gondwana and tertiary. While Gondwana coal is about 200 million years old, tertiary deposits are approximately 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal which are metallurgical coal, are located in the Damodar valley (West Bengal, Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj and Bokaro are important coalfields.The Godavari, Mahandi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.

(ii) Being a tropical country. India has an abundance of sunlight. Hence, there are huge possibilities of tapping solar energy. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directlyinto electricity. Solar energy is becoming popular in rural and remote areas.Use of solar energy will be able to minimise
the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes, which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture. Solar energy is a non-conventional source of energy and also eco-friendly. The largest solar plant of India is located at Madhapur, near Bhuj (Gujarat) where solar energy is used to sterlise milk cans

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

ASSIGNMENT – 2 (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

Q.1 Mention two ways in which mineral oil and natural gas pipe-line have become useful for the economy of our country?
Ans. Recently pipe-lines have been used to link oil producing areas to refineries and far-off areas. Distribution of mineral oil and gas through pipelines has proved very useful for the economy of our country in a number of ways:
1. Initial cost on these pipe-lines at the laying time is no doubt high bur subsequent running cost is nominal.
2. Transportation through pipelines rules out delays and trans-shipment losses. Many fertilizer plants and thermal power plants would stand to benefit by the supply of gas through pipelines

Q.2 Why is natural gas important to us? Give five reasons.
Ans. Natural gas is important to us because of the following reasons:
1. Source of Energy. Gas has proved a very convenient source of energy. Its use in cooking has saved a huge quantity of coal and wood.

2. Saving of Time and Expenditure in installing a Power Plant. Much time and expenditure is saved if a power plant based on natural gas is built.

3. Its use as an Industrial Raw Material. Gas can also be used as an industrial raw-material in petro-chemical industry.

4. Helpful in increasing Agricultural Production. Gas is also very useful in increasing agricultural production because it can increase production through the building of fertilizer plants.

5. Easy Transportation of Gas through Gas Pipelines. Gas has an added attraction because it can be transported to distant places through gas pipelines.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.3 Why do you think that nuclear energy is bound to play an increasingly important role in India?
Ans. (i) As yet India is deficient in coal, petroleum and natural gas so she has to depend either on hydro-electricity or on nuclear power. Where it is difficult to produce hydro-electricity, the nuclear power plays a commendable part.
(ii) India is perhaps the first country in the world to utilize the atomic energy for agricultural purposes.
(iii) India is using the atomic energy for medicinal purposes also
(iv) This energy is also being used for improving the quality of seeds.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.4 In comparison to coal and mineral oil hydro- electricity is a key source of energy. Illustrate?
Ans. (i) The world reserves of coal and mineral oil have begun to show the signs of exhaustion. In the teeth of the fear of their exhaustion some new sources of power supply had to be developed.

ii) Hydel power is one such source which has become more important these days in comparison to both coal and mineral oil. So every effort is being made to convert it into a permanent source of power supply.

(iii) The hydel power has been developed mostly by those countries which possess limited or no coal reserves.

(iv) Another factor contributing to the importance of hydel power in comparison to coal and mineral oil is that it is also a cheaper means of power supply.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.5 Distinguish between Rocks and Minerals.
Ans. Rocks: Rocks are combination of various minerals. Some rocks like limestone consist of a single mineral only but most o f the rocks consist of several minerals in varying proportions. Some rocks are composed of harder material like granite while others are composed of softer material like clay and sand. Rocks, however, do not possess any definite chemical properties.

Minerals: Minerals whether metallic like iron, gold, silver etc. or non-metallic like clay, coal, petroleum etc. possess some definite qualities or chemical properties of their own, while rocks do not possess any definite or chemical properties of their own.

Q.6 Distinguish between Ores and Minerals.
Ans. Ore: An ore is an accumulation of any mineral mixed with other elements. All ores are not commercially viable because in some mineral content is very little.

Minerals: Ores are the parent material from which the minerals are extracted in small quantities and that too with much labour.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.7 Distinguish between metalic and non – metalic minerals.
Ans. Metallic Minerals: Iron, gold, silver etc. are metallic minerals. They can be pressed into wires and sheets. Iron is the most important metal which is used to make tools and implements and make other big machines. Other metals like copper, lead, zinc etc. are used for other purposes. Gold is a costly metal.

Non-Metallic Minerals: Clay, sulphur, coal, petroleum and salt etc. are all non-metallic minerals. They cannot be pressed into either wires or sheets. Coal and petroleum are the major source of energy. But these deposits are likely to get exhausted.

Q.8 Distinguish between natural gas and biogas.
Ans. Natural Gas: Natural gas is the gift of nature, where man has no part to play in its manufacturing. It is found in association with or without petroleum. It is widely used as a domestic fuel.

Biogas: It is produced by man by utilising shrubs, farm wastes, animal and human wastes.It is commonly used in rural areas as compared to natural gas which is commonly used in urban areas.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.9 What is the importance of Iron?
Ans. Iron and Its Importance: Iron is such an important metal that our modern age is sometimes called the Iron age. Since the dawn of civilization, iron is being used for making tools and implements and even weapons of war. With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,the use of iron increased manyfolds. All machines and machine parts are made of iron. Iron is also used for making buildings and bridges. Iron is thus the most important metal.

Q.10 What do you mean by Bombay High? What importance this area has got during the recent years?
Ans. The discovery of oil in the sea-bed near Bombay (Mumbai) is known as the Bombay High. This discovery has proved quite helpful in the development of our country:

1. So far this oil-field has proved to be the richest oil field of India. India has thus saved a lot of money because of this discovery.

2. The deposits of oil in Bombay High were found quite deep under the seabed but with the help of Sagar Samrat, a mobile off-shore drilling platform, India has been able to extract the oil even from deep seabed. It is all due to the experience India got in the Bombay High that she has developed new off-shore oil fields near delta coasts of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri, and also near the Cambay off-shore area of Gujarat.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

ASSIGNMENT – 3 (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

SECTION-A

 Fill in the blanks :
Q.1 ________________ mineral is formed bydecomposition of rocks, leaving a residnal mass of weathered
material.

Q.2 Koderma in Jharkhand is the leading producer of ______________.

Q.3 Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of ___________________rocks.

Q.4 _____________mineral is contained in monozite sand.

Q.5 Kudremukh is an important iron ore mine of___________________.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.6 Ketri in Rajasthan in famous for_____________________.

Q.7 Neyveli lignite mines are located in __________________.

Q.8 The largest solar power plant is located at_______________.

Q.9 ______________nuclear power plant is located in the state of Gujrat.

Q.10 _____________is called Rhur of India.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

SECTION-B

 Multiple choice question with one correct answers
Q.1 Anon-metallic mineralis
(A) chromite (B) pyrite (C) mica (D) haematite

Q.2 The best quality iron ore is
(A) haematite (B)magnetite (C)limonite (D) siderite

Q.3 Amajor importar of India’s iron ore is
(A) China (B) Japan (C) UK (D) Grmany

Q.4 Which of the following ‘mineral-location’ pairs in India is WRONG?
(A) Gypsum-Rajasthan (B) Zinc-Rajasthan
(C) Copper-Tamil Nadu (D) Lignite-Tamil Nadu

Q.5 The chief manganese producing states in India are
(A) Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra (B) Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu
(C) Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala (D) Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.6 The iron reserves of India lie mainly in
(A) West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
(B) Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh
(C) Madhya Pradesh,Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
(D) West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu

Q.7 About 80 per cent of coal production in India comes from
(A) Raniganj and Umria (B) Jharia and Raniganj
(C) Bokaro and Singrauli (D) Girdih and Jharia

Q.8 The two chief petroleum producing states in India are
(A) Bihar and Gujarat (B) West Bengal and Assam
(C)Assam and Gujarat (D) Gujarat and Maharashtra

Q.9 The oldest oil producing state in India is
(A) Gujarat (B) Maharashtra (C)Assam (D) Rajasthan

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.10 Of the total production of electricity in India, the share of thermal electricity and hydroelectricity is
respectively
(A) 60% and 40% (B) 40% and 60% (C) 70% and 25% (D) 25% and 70%

SECTION-C

 Multiple choice question with one or more than one correct answers
Q.1 The mineral found in tooth pastes:
(A)Titanium (B) Oxide (C) Silica (D) Limestone

Q.2 The cracks of rocks where minerals occur are called:
(A) Beds (B) Layers (C) Veins (D) Loads

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.3 The minerals which are formed due to evaporation in arid regions:
(A) Gypsum (B) Sodium salt (C) Zinc (D) Lead

Q.4 The areas which does not have sufficient mineral deposits:
(A) Rajasthan (B) U.P. (C) Punjab (D) Chattisgarh

Q.5 Which fuels are most common is rural India:
(A) Coal (B) Firewood (C) Dungcake (D) L.P.G.

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

SECTION-D

 Assertion & Reason
Instructions: In the following questions as Assertion (A) is given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your responses from the following options.
(A) BothAssertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’
(B) BothAssertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

Q.1 Assertion: Metallurgical coal is high grade bituminus coal.
Reason: It has very high calorific value.

Q.2 Assertion: Power saved is power produced.
Reason: By suitching off the lights we can save power for further use

MINERAL & ENERGY RESOURCES

SECTION – E

SECTION – F

Match the following (one to many)
Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-Iare to be matched with some entries of column-II. One or more than one entries of column-I may have the matching with the same entries of column-II and one entry of column-II may have one or more than one matching with entries of column-I