FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES_Class10 Social_Science

Example 1: State one reason for the diverse flora and fauna of the plant under threat.
Solution: Insensitivity to our environment

Example 2: Name two plants which  belong to the critical category.
Solution: (a) Madhuca insignis
(b) Habbardia heptaneuron

Example 3: Name the fastest land mammal that has become extinct.
Solution: Asiatic Cheetah

Example 4: What are real species?
Solution: Rare species are the species with small population, who may move into dndengered or valunerable category, if negative factor affecting them continue to operate. e.g. Himalyan Brown Bear.

Example 5: What are extinct species?
Solutions The species that are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur are known as extinct species.

Example 6: Name one species of animal which is considered extinct.
Solution: Pink-headed duck is considered an extinct species.

Example 7: Why is the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal threatened?
Solution: It is threatened by the dolornite mining.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Example 8: What medicinal plant used to treat some types of cancer?
Solution: Himalayan Yew.

Example 9: Why was Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act implemented?
Solution: Indian Wildlife (Protection)Act 1972 was implemented mainly to protect habitats.

Example 10: Name two animals which have been given full or partial protection against hunting and trade throughout India.
Solution: The animals are blackbuck (chinkara), great Indian bustard (godawan), Indian elephant and Indianlion.

Example 11: Name the state which has the largest area under the category of reserved and protected forests.
Solution: Madhya Pradesh

Example 12: To which category do the forests in north-eastern states belong?
Solution: The forests in north – eastern states belong to the unclassed category. These are managed by
local communities

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Example 13: Which state of India passed the first resolution for Joint Forest Management?
Solution: Odisha.

Example 14: In which area is the Beej Bachao Andolatt famous in India?
Solution: Tehri region.

Example 15: Mention the tree which is worshipped by the Mundas of Chhota Nagpur region.
Solution: The Mundas of Chhota Nagpur region worship the Mahua tree.

Example 16: What was the aim of the Chipko Movement?
Solution: The aim of the Chipko movement in the Himalayas was to resist deforestation.

 

ASSIGNMENT – 1  (NCERT QUESTIONS)

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCESFOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.3 What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for human lives?
Ans. Biodiversity or Biological Diversity means inherited variation within species, the variety of species in an area, and the variety of living organisms. It is an interconnected web in which every organisms has a role. Various organisms play different roles of producers, consumers and decomposers. it is on these roles that oher organisms, including humans, depend for their existence.
Humans along with the other living organisms form a complex web of ecological system in which they are only a part and very much dependent on this system for their existance. For example, the plants, animals and other micro-organismsre-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil that produces our food. Forests also play a key role in the ecological system as they are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.Shorten with AI

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.4 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna? Explain.
Ans. Causes of Depletion of Flora and Fauma :
(i) Expansion of the commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities. During the colonial period due to the expansion of the railways, agriculture, commercial and scientific forestry and mining activities Indian forests depleted to an extent.
(ii) Agricultural Expansion. Even after Independence, agricultural expansion continues to be one of the major causes of depletion of forests resources. Between 1951 and 1980 over 26,200 sq. km. of forest area was converted into agricultural land especiallyin the northeastern and central
India for shifting cultivation (jhum) and a type of ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
(iii) Enrichment Plantation was a plantation in which a single commercially valuable species was widely planted and other species reduced.
(iv) Development Projects. Large–scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Projects still in continuation like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh have swallowed up 40,000 hectares of forests.
(v) Mining. Miningisanother important factor behind deforestation. The Buxa tiger Reserve in West Bengal is threatened by the ongoing dolomite mining. It has disturbed the natural habitat of many species and blocked the migration route of several others including the great Indian elephant.
(vi) UnequalAccess toResources.The wealthiest 5% of Indian society cause more ecological damage because of the amount they consume than the poorest 25 percent and shares minimum responsibilities for evironmental well-being.
(vii) Habitat destruction. Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are factors, which have led to the decline in India’sbiodiversity.Shorten with AI

Q.5 Describe how communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife in India.
Ans. Forests in India are home to a number of communities. These communities have a complex relationship with the flora and fauna around them.In some areas of India, local communities are struggling to conserve these habitats along with government officials.
(a) In Sariska tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act.
(b) In many areas, villagers themselves are protecting habitats and openly rejecting government involvement. The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwer district of Rajasthan have declared 1,2000 hectares of forest as the ‘Bhairodev Dakav Sonchuri’, declaring their own set of rules and regulations which do not allow hunting, and are protecting the wildlife against any outside encroachments.Shorten with AI

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

(c) Nature worship is an oldage tribal belief based on the premise that all creations of nature have to be protected. Such beliefs have preserved several virgin forests in pristine form called Sacred Groves (the forests of God and Goddesses). These patches of forest or parts of large forests have been left untouched by the local people and any interference with them is banned. Even trees are preserved in name of worship. The Mundas and the Santhal of Chhota Nagpur region worship mahua (Bassia latifolia) and kadamba (Anthocaphalus cadamba) trees, and the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship the tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and mango (Mangifera indica) trees during weddings. To many of us, peepal and banyan trees are considered sacred.
(d) Troops of macaques and langurs are found around several tamples. They are fed daily and treated as a part of temple devotees. In and around Bishnoi villages in Rajasthan, herds of blackbuck (chinkara), nilgai and peacocks can be seen as an integral part of the community and nobody harms them.
(e) The famous Chipko Movement in the Himalayas and Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme offer good examples for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. (Any four).Shorten with AI

Q.6 Write a note on good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife.
Ans. (a) The famousChipkoMovementintheHimalayas has successfully resisted deforestation in several areas. It has also shown that community afforesation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.
(b) Attempts have been made to revive the traditional conservation methods. At the same time new methods of ecological farming have also been developed. Farmers and citizen’s groups like the ‘Beej Bachao Andolan’in Tehri and Navdanya have shown that adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use if synthetic chemicals are possible as well economically variable.
(c) In our country Joint Forest Management (JFM)  programme offers a nice example for involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection acticities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return the members of these communities are given the right to intermediary benefits such as non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’.Shorten with AI

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

ASSIGNMENT – 2  (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

Q.1 What is the Himalayan yew? Why is it under great threat?
Ans. The Himalayan yew (Taxus wallachiana) is a medicinal plant. A chemical compound called ‘taxol’ is extracted from the bark, needles, twigs and roots of this tree, and it has been successfully used to treat some cancers. The drug is now the biggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world. This species is under great threat due to its over-exploitation. In the last one decade, thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.

Q.2 Write a short note on the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 and its objectives.
Ans. The Government of India enacted Wildlife Protection Act in 1972 with the objective to control poaching and illegal trade in wildlife. The Act provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants by banning hunting, giving legal protection to their habitats, and restricting trade in wildlife. Subsequently, central and many state government estabilished national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals, which were seriously threatened including the tiger, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, crocodile, the Asiatic lion and others.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.3 How far were the colonial forest policies responsible for the depletion of forest resources in India?
Ans. During the colonial period in India a few favoured species were promoted. In this, a single commercially valuable species was extensively planted and other species eliminated. For example, promotion of teak plantation damaged the natural forest in South India and Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) plantations in the Himalayas replaced the Himalyan oak (Quercius spp.) and Rhododendron forests. Thus, the colonial forest policies were very much responsible for the depletion of forest resources in the country.

Q.4 ‘India’s environment is at great risk’. Justify this statement.
Ans. Over half of India’s natural forests are gone, one-third of its wetlands drained out, 70% of its surface water bodies polluted and 40% of its mangroves eliminated. Hunting and trade of wild animals and commercially valuable plants are still going on.As a result, thousands of plant and animal species are
heading towards extinction. In the light of the above mentioned facts we can say that India’s environment is at great risk. It must be saved at all cost.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.5 What is Joint Forest Management programme? Write a short note on it.
Ans. Joint Forest Management (JFM) programme involves local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests. The programme came into being in 1988 when the state of Orissa passed the first resolution for joint forest management. JFM depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the members of these communities are given right to intermediary benefits such as non-timber forest produces and share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection’.

Q.6 Describe the steps taken to conserve the flora and fauna of the country.
Ans. 1. Several conservation projects have been initiated. These projects are now focusing on biodiversity rather than on a few of its components.
2. There is now a more intensive search for different conservation measures.
3. Even insects are beginning to find a place in conservation planning.
4. In the notification underWildlifeAct 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species.
5. In 1991, for the first time plants were also added to the list, starting with six species.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.7 Classify different categories of existing plants and animal species based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Resources.
Ans. The existing plants and animals species, on the basis of International Union for Conservation of Nature and Resources, can be classified in the following way:
1. Normal Species: Species whose population is normal for their survival, such as cattle, sal, pine, rodents, etc.
2. Endangered Species: These are species which are in danger of extinction. For example black buck, crocodile, Indian wild ass, Indian rhino, lion tailed macaque, sangai (brown antler deer in Manipur), etc.
3. Vulnerable Species: These are species whose population has decreased over a period of time and in danger of extinction. For example blue sheep, Asiatic elephant, Gangetic dolphin, etc.
4. Rare Species: Species which are small in number and in danger of extinction if not been taken care of. For example brown bear, wild Asiatic buffalo, desert fox and hornbill, etc.
5. Endemic Species: These are species which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers. Examples of such species are the Andaman teal, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig, mithun in Arunachal Pradesh.
6. Extinct Species: These species have vanished from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth. Examples of such species are the Asiatic cheetah, pink head duckShorten with AI

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.8 Write briefly about the different types of forests in India.
Ans. Forests of the following types are found in India :
1. Reserved Forests: Reserved forests are the forests that are regarded as the most valuable as far as the conservation of forest and wildlife resources are concerned. More than half of the total forest land has been declared reserved forests.
2. Protected Forests: This forest land is protected from any further depletion.Almost one-third of the Forest Department.
3. Unclassed Forests: These are other forests and wastelands that belong to both government and private individuals and communities. Reserved and protected forests are also referred to as permanent forest estates maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons. Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests constituting 75% of its total forest area. Jammu and Kashmir. Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamilnadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest area. Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa and Rajasthan have a bulk of it under protected forests. All north-eastern states and parts of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassed forests. Local communities manage these forests.Shorten with AI

Q.9 Humans are dependent on the ecological system for their existence. Explain.
Ans. As part of the ecological system human beings are dependent on it for their existence. For example:
(a) We breathe in air, drink water and grow crops in soil. These are the non-living components of the ecological system.
(b) On the other hand, plants, animals and other micro-organisms recreate the quality of these non-living components.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

Q.10 Explain any three adverse effects of the destruction of forests and wildlife ?
Ans. Three adverse effects of the destruction of forests and wildlife.
(a) Destruction of forests and wildlife leads to disturbances in ecological balance of the environment.
(b) It also affects the cultural loss of communities and their displacement.
(c) It also disturbs food chain, ecosystem and development of the society.

Q.11 Enumerate the various factors for the decline of India’s biodiversity.
Ans. Factors for the decline of India’s biodiversity are:
(a) Agricultural expansion after independence leading to the decline of forest area.
(b) Tribal belts in northern and central India have been deforested or degraded due to shifting cultivation.
(c) Development projects like dams and infrastructural projects have led to the loss of forests.
(d) Habitat destruction, hunting, poaching, overexploitation, environmental pollution and forest fires are the major threats to biodiversity.

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

ASSIGNMENT – 3  (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

SECTION – A

Fill in the blanks :
1. Beej BachaoAndolan has been taken up in ______ Uttaranchal.
2. In ______Tiger reserve in Rajasthan villagers have faught against mining.
3. In 1991 ______ species of trees were added to the list of protected species.
4. ______ National Park have been set up for conserving one horned Rhino.
5. Indian wildlife protection Act was implemented in the year ______.
6. The species which are found in some particular areas______.
7. Project Tiger was launched in the year ______.
8. Bandhavgarh is a tiger reserve located in ______.
9. Planting of a single commercially valuable species is called ______.
10. Asiatic Cheetah is an example of species ______.
11. ______ plays a key role in the ecological system as these are also producers on which all organisms
depend.
12. ______, one of the well published wildlife compaigns in the world was launched in ______ year
13. Agricultural ______ is a major factor of forest depletionShorten with AI

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

SECTION – B

Multiple choice question with one correct answers:
1. Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and fauna?
(A) Agricultural expansion.               (B) Large scale development projects
(C) Grazingand fuel wood collection     (D) Rapidindustrilisation and urbanisation

  1. Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
    (A) Joint forest management     (B) Chipko movement            (C) Beej BachaoAndolan           (D) Demarcation of wildlife sancturies
  2. According to the forest survey of India how much forest area was converted into agricultural land all over India between 1951 to 1980.
    (A) 26,200 sq. km.         (B) 25,800 sq. km         (C) 24,500 sq. km        (D) 23,700 sq. km.
  3. How many categories of species have been kept under the classification of IUCN?
    (A) 4             (B) 5                (C) 6               (D) 7

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. Forests and wastelands belonging to both government and privates individuals and communities is called
    (A) Reserved forests (B) Protected forests (C) Unclassed forests (D) None of the above
  2. Which of these statements is not a valid reason for depletion of flora and fauna?
    (A) Agricultural expansion (B) Large scale developmental projects       (C) Grazingand fuelwood collection       (D) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
  3. Endemic species refers to
    (A) Species which are extinct          (B) Species which are declining          (C) Species which are confined to sepcific areas only       (D) None of the above

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. Periyar Tiger reserve is located in
    (A) Rajasthan (B) Uttar Pradesh (C) Tamil Nadu (D) Kerala
  2. Which one of the following is not a resource from forest and wildlife?
    (A) Plastics (B) Wood (C) Wool (D) Medicinal herbs
  3. Which group of people in India are responsible for maximum ecological destruction?
    (A) Richest 5 percent           (B) Poorest 25 percent            (C)Tribal communities        (D) Slum dwellers
  4. Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented mainly to
    (A) Protect certain animals
    (B) Protect the remaining population of certain endangered species
    (C) Protect the tigers
    (D) Protect aquatic animals

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. The hunting and trade of which animals have has not been given full or partial legal protection in India?
    (A) Indian lion (B) Indian elephant       (C) Black buck (Chinkara)        (D) Great Indian bustard (Godawan)
  2. The forests belonging to both government and private individuals and communities are called_______.
    (A) Protected Forests (B) Open Forests (C) Unclassed Forests (D) Reserved Forests
  3. Which one of the following is a farmers’ movement initiated in Tehri?
    (A)Tehri Andolan (B) Beej Bachao Andolan
    (C) Appease Movement (D) Green Revolution

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. The main objective of Joint Forest Management programme is
    (A) Involving local communities in the management and restoration of degraded forests
    (B) Involving rich people in conservation of forests
    (C) Involving backward communities to conserve wildlife.
    (D) None of the above
  2. What is the name given to the forests of God and Goddesses?
    (A) Sacred Garden (B) Sacred Groves (C) Sacred Park (D) Sacred Orchards
  3. Which states in India has the highest percentage of unclassed forests?
    (A) Northern states (B) North eastern states
    (C) States of peninsular India (D) None of above

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. Which one of the following statements is not true with regard to depletion of flora and fauna?
    (A) Land required for housing (B) Agricultural expansion
    (C) Mining activities (D) Shifting agriculture
  2. Which one of the following is not a reason for environment destruction?
    (A) Global warming (B) Unequal access
    (C) Over population (D) Inequitable consumption of resources
  3. In which of the following states has the Joint Forests Management started?
    (A)Tamil Nadu (B) Orissa (C) Himachal Pradesh (D) Arunachal Pradesh

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. Flora refers to
    (A) Animal kingdom (B) Plant kingdom (C) Insects (D) Flowers
  2. Species which are no longer found on the earth are called
    (A) Normal Species (B) Vulnerable Species
    (C) Rare Species (D) Extinct Species
  3. The state having highest percentage of protected forest is
    (A) Punjab (B)Tamil Nadu (C)Uttar Pradesh (D) Jammu and Kashmir

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

SECTION-C

Multiple choice question with one or more than one correct answers :
1. Two countries which are the prime targets for poaching and hunting of tigers.
(A) India (B) Nepal (C) Bhutan (D) Bangladesh

  1. Which of the following species fall in the category of ‘critical’
    (A) Rodents (B) Cheetah (C) Mountain quail (D) Black buck

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

  1. Maximum forest depletion due to ‘Slash and burn’ agriculture have occured in –
    (A) Western India (B) North East India (C) Central India (D) South India
  2. Which of the following are the tiger reserve of India
    (A) Bandhwagarh, M.P. (B) Periyar, kerala
    (C) Bharatpur, Rajasthan (D) Hangul, J & K
  3. Trees worshiped by Mundas and Santhals of Chota Nagpur regions are –
    (A) Peepal (B) Mahua (C) Neem (D) Kadamba

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

 

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

For More :-

RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

 ప్రత్యక్ష దైవాలు | Pratyaksha Daivalu |

FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

 ప్రత్యక్ష దైవాలు | Pratyaksha Daivalu |

Batuku Gampa | బతుకు గంప |

Class 9 Economy for DSC | Food Security in India

Class 9 New Maths | Triangles

Triganometry | Class 10

Atomic Structure