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FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES_Class10 Social_Science

Example 1: What is the full form of KCC?
Answer: Kisan Credit Cards

Example 2: Name the type of farming in which crops are grown using primitive tools.
Answer: Primitive Subsistence farming

Example 3: Why jute is loosing market now a days?
Answer: Jute is loosing market because of high cost in comparison to synthetic fibres

Example 4: What is sericulture?
Answer: The art of rearing silk worm to obtain silk fibre from cocoons.

Example 5: Intensive subsistence farming is practised in which area?
Answer: Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is also called labourintensive farming.

Example 6: Which term is used for grouping of small landholdings with bigger ones?
Answer: The term used for grouping of smalll and holdings with bigger ones is consolidation of land holdings.

Example 7: Which state of India is the largest producer of groundnut?
Answer: Andhra Pradesh

Example 8: Name the crop in which India is the largest producer and consumer.
Answer: India is the largest producer and consumer of the pulses in the world.

Example 9: Which products are obtained from sugar cane?
Answer: Sugar, Gur (Jaggary), Khandsari and molasses

Example 10: Which crop needs almost a year to grow?
Answer: Sugarcane

Example 11: What is the rearing of silkworms called?
Answer: Rearing of silkworms is called sericulture.

Example 12: What is White Revolution related to?
Answer: White Revolution is related to the production of milk. It is also called Operation Flood.

Example 13: Name any two schemes introduced by the government to benefit farmers.
Answer: Kissan Credit Cards (KCC) and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).

ASSIGNMENT – 1 (NCERT QUESTIONS)

Q.1 (i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown in a large area?
(A) ShiftingAgriculture (B) Plantation Agriculture
(C) Horticulture (D) IntensiveAgriculture

(ii) Which one of the following is a rabbi crop?
(A) Rice (B) Gram (C) Millets (D) Cotton

(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(A) Pulses (B) Jowar (C) Millets (D) Sesamum

(iv) Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(A) Maximum support price (B) Minimum support price
(C) Moderate support price (D) Influential support price
Ans. (i) (B), (ii) (A), (iii) (A), (iv) (B)

AGRICULTURE – Best Notes for 2024

Q.2 Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Ans. Tea is an important beverage crop. Geographical conditions required for its growth:
(a) The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates.
(b) It needs deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
(c) Tea bushes require warm and moist frost-free climate all through the year.
(d) Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.

Q.3 Name one of staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Ans. Rice is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. It grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan

Q.4 Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Ans. The institutional reforms introduced by the government for the benefit of the farmers are:
(a) Collective farming was introduced. In this method fields of several farmers are joined together and members-owners engage jointly in farming activities.
(b) Land holding were consolidated. Fragmented lands due to inheritance were again consolidated into single unit to increase its economic viability.
(c) Zamindari system was abolished. The abolition of Zamindari system was a boon for the framers who were relived from the exploitation of the landlords. Now the farmers themselves were the owners of their land. They were no more bonded labourers.
(d) In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was initiated which included both institutional and technical reforms.
Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
Establishment of Grameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at low rates of interest.
Kissan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced for easy purchase of inputs.
PersonalAccident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced for the benefit of the farmers.
Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
The minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Q.5 The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences?
Ans. If land under cultivation is reduced day by day, we will be facing these consequences.
(a) Less land under cultivation would directly affect the quality of food crops. The quantity of food crops would cause food insecurity in the country.
(b) If land under cultivation is less, farmers will use more and more chemical fertilisers and biotechnology in order to get maximum yield. This will degrade the quality of the land.

Q.6 Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
Ans. Considering the importance of agriculture in India, the Government of India made concerted efforts to modernise agriculture.
Establishment of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
Establishment of agricultural universities.
Establishment of veterinary services and animal breeding centres.
Development of horticulture.
Research and development were done in the field of meteorology and weather forecast.
The rural infrastructure as improved.
In 1960s and 1970s two most important reforms were introduced. The Green Revolution and related technologies were introduced such as use of HYV of seed, fertilisers, modern machinery and inputs.The White Revolution (Operation Flood) was introduced to increase milk production.
Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
Establishment ofGrameen banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
Kissan Credit Card (KCC) was introduced for easy purchase of inputs.
PersonalAccident Insurance Scheme (PAIS) are some other schemes introduced for the benefit of the farmers.
Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.
The minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to cheek the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middlemen.

Q.7 Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Ans. Rice is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. Our country is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China. It is kharif crop. It requires high temperature (above 25°C). It requires high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the
help of irrigation. Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of
Rajasthan.

ASSIGNMENT – 2 (SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS)

Q.1 State any three characteristics of primitive subsistence farming.
Ans. Following are the characteristics primitive subsistence farming:
(a) In this type of farming farmers grow crops for self consumption. This type of farming is still practised in few pockets of India.
(b) It is practised on small patches of land.
(c) Farmers use primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks.
(d) Only family/community labour is used for farming.
(e) This type of farming depends up on natural conditions such as monsoon, natural fertilityofthesoil and suitable conditions for the crops.
(f) It is also known as slash and burn agriculture.
(g) Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer do not use fertilisers or other modern inputs.

Q.2 Write two main features of wetland farming.
Ans. Wetland farming is practised in high rainfall and irrigated areas. Important crops grown in these areas are rice, sugarcane and vegetables. In wetland farming at least two crops are raised in a year.

Q.3 Explain ‘slash and burn’ agriculture.
Ans. (a) Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain themselves.
(b) When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land to cultivate.
(c) Drypaddy, maize, millets, vegetables are commonly grown in this type of farming.

Q.4 What is plantation agriculture?
Ans. (a) It is a bush or tree farming used for commercial purpose.
(b) It is capital intensive.
(c) Requires technical know how, so phisticated-machinery, fertilisers, irrigation and transport facility.

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Q.5 State any three characteristics of intensive subsistence farming.
Ans. This type of farming is practised in areas of high density of population where pressure of population is high on agricultural land.
(a) It is labour-intensive farming,
(b) High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
(c) Farm size is small and uneconomical due to the division of land.
(d) The farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
(e) Farmers do not have any alternative source of livelihood. Thus, there is enormous pressure on agricultural land.

Q.6 State the objectives of Indian food security policy.
Ans. (a) To ensure availability of food grain to the common man at an affordable price.
(b) To enable the poor to have access to food.
(c) To enhance growth in agriculture production and increase support price for stock procurement and maintenance of rice and wheat stock.

Q.7 What are three cropping seasons of India? Explain any one in brief.
Ans. India has the following three cropping seasons:
(a) Rabi (b) Kharif (c) Zaid
(a) Rabi season: Crops sown in winter from October to December. Harvested in summer from April to June. Main crop-wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard
(b) Kharif season: Crops grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country. Harvested in September-October. Main crops- Maize, jawar, bajra, cotton, Soya been
(c) Zaid crops: Crops sown between rabbi and kharif seasons. Main crops: Watermelon, Muskmelon, cucumber, fodder etc.

Q.8 Differentiate between dry land and wetland farming?
Ans. (a) Dryland farming is also known as rain-fed farming whereas wetland farming is called irrigated farming.
(b) Dryland farming is practised in areas where there are no irrigation facilities whereas wetland farming is practised in areas which experience heavy rainfall.
(c) In dryland farming, crops which need less water like jowar, bajra, pulses are grown whereas in wetland farming crops like rice, sugar cane, vegetables are cultivated.

Q.9 Describe any four ways through which Indian agricultural products can easily face global competition.
Ans. Ways through which Indian agricultural products can face global competition:
(a) Use of bio-technology
(b) Make better use of favourable climate and soil conditions.
(c) Development of infrastructure like roads, electricity, irrigation, credit facilities to farmers.
(d) Creation of unrestricted unified national market for farm products within the country.
(e) Develop techniques which the developed countries have been using.
(f) Use potential of agriculture in a systematic and planned manner.

Q.10 What are millets? Why are millets very important crops of India?
Ans. Millets are coarse grains like ragi, bajra and jowar.
Millets are very important crops of India because of the following reasons:
(a) They are highly nutritious. Ragi isrich in iron, calcium and roughage.
(b) They can be grown in rain fed areas and hardly needs irrigation.

Q.11 What are the challenge faced by Indian farmers?
Ans. (a) Indian farmers are facing a challenge from international competition.
(b) Subsidy on fertilisers has decreased leading to increase in the cost of production.
(c) Reduction in import duties on agricultural products.
(d) Reduction in public investment in agriculture sector in the form of irrigation,power, roads, market and mechanisation.
(e) Farmers are dragging away their investment from agriculture causing down fall in the employment in agriculture.

Q.12 Name the pulses grown in India along with the geographical conditions required.
Ans. Pulses
(a) India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
(b) These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
(c) Major pulses that are grown in India are tur (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
(d) Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.
(e) Being leguminous crops, all these crops except arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with other crops.
(f) Major pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Q.13 Name the important beverage crop introduced by the British in India. Explain the geographical conditions needed for its cultivation. Write two important states where it is grown.
Ans. Tea was introduced by the British in India. It is a beverage crop
(a) The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical conditions, with deep and fertile well drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
(b) Tea bushes require warm, moist and frost-free climate all through the year.
(c) Frequent showers, evenly distributed over the year, ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.
(d) Major tea producing states are Assam and West Bengal(hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts).

AGRICULTURE – Best Notes for 2024

Q.14 Why do you think Kerala is the largest producer of rubber in India?
Ans. Kerala lies in the tropical region and has ideal geographical and climatic conditions for growing rubber. The climatic conditions required for growing rubber are moist and humid climate, with rainfall of more than 200 cm and temperature above 25°C. It is an equatorial crop best suited for Kerala.

ASSIGNMENT – 3 (OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS)

SECTION-A

Fill in the blanks
1. Agriculture is a___________activity, which engage ___________of the population.
2. Farming varies from ___________to ___________type.
3. ‘Slash and burn’ agriculture name is given to ___________agriculture
4. The ‘right to inheritence’ has rendered the land holding size___________.
5. The ___________season lies between Rabi and Kharif season.
6. ___________ is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.
7. The slash and burn agriculture is known as ___________ in the north-eastern states of India.
8. The Golden fibre of India is ___________.
9. ___________ is a programme introduced by the Government that has resulted in increased production of food grains.
10. Rearing of silkworms to produce and consumer of ___________ in the world.

SECTION-B

Multiple choice question with one correct answers
1. The precentage of India’s population depending on agriculture for livelihood is about.
(A) 50% (B) 60% (C) 66% (D) 75%

The proportion of net sown area of geographical area is lowest in
(A) Uttaranchal (B)Andhra Pradesh (C) Himachal Pradesh (D)Arunachal Paradesh
Which of the following is not a characteristic of subsistence farming?
(A)Smallland holdings
(B) Use of primitive tools
(C) Consumption of food production bythe farmer’s family
(D) Huge capital investment
The type of farming that depends on irrigation facilities, use of fertilizers and pesticides on a large scale, and high- yielding variety of seeds is :
(A)Shifting agriculture (B) Plantation agriculture
(C) Intensive farming (D)Wetland farming
Which of the following statements about the agriculture seasons called kharif and rabiis NOT CORRECT?
(A) Kharif seasons begins with the onset of monsoons and the crops are harvested in late spring.
(B) Kharif seasons begins with the onset of monsoons and the crops are harvested in autumn.
(C) Rabi seasons begins in autumn after the rains and the crops are harvested in late spring.
(D) Important kharif crops are rice, millets, maize, jute nd cotton; important rabi crops are wheat, gram, barley and linseed
The favourable climatic conditions for the cultivation of rice are:
(A) rainfall below 100 cm, temperature below 25°C.
(B) rainfall above 100 cm, temperature below 25°C.
(C) rainfall below 100 cm, temperature below 28°C.
(D) rainfall below 100 cm, temperature above 28°C.
A few showers of rain during the month of December and January are beneficial to the rabi crops because they.
(A) provide mositure for the germination of seeds
(B) cause the temperature to fall further
(C) protect the crops from frost
(D) make the plants grow strong
A fertile well-drained soil, warm climate, and a moderate supply of moisture is required for the production of
(A) cotton (B) coffee (C) jute (D) rice
Which one of the following states is not a major tobacco producer?
(A) Kerala (B) Gujarat (C)Andhra Pradesh (D) Uttar Pradesh
Institutional reforms that helped Green Revolution do not include:
(A) consolidation of small land holding (B) rural banking
(C) abolition of zamindari system (D) use of fertilizers and pesticides
Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(A)Shifting Agriculture (B)Plantation Agriculture
(C) Horticulture (D) IntensiveAgriculture
Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(A) Rice (B)Millets (C) Gram (D) Cotton
Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(A) Pulses (B) Millets (C) Jawar (D) Sesamum
Which one of the following is announced by the government in support of a crop?
(A) Maximum support price (B) Minimum support price
(C) Moderate support price (D) Influential support price
Jhumming refers to
(A) Primitive subsitence farming in Brazil
(B) ‘Slash and burn’ agriculture in North-eastern states of India.
(C) Primitive farming in Malaysia
(D) Commercial farming in Punjab.
Bhoodan–Gramdan movement was initiated by
(A) Mahatma Gandhi (B) Jawahar lal Nehru
(C) Vinobha Bhave (D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
India is the leading producer and exporter of ___________ in the world.
(A) Rubber (B) Sugar cane (C) Tea (D) Rice
Rearing of silkworms is called as
(A)Pisciculture (B)Agriculture (C)Silviculture (D) Sericulture
Yellow revolution refers to
(A) Increased production of eggs (B) Increased production of oilseeds
(C) Increased production of fish (D) Increased production of pulses
Cultivation of fruits and vegetables is called
(A)Floriculture (B) Sericulture (C) Horticulture (D)Agriculture

SECTION-C

Multiple choice question with one or more than one correct answers
1. Rice varieties produced in West Bangalore?
(A)Aus (B)Aman (C) Bor (D) Basmati

Rice cultivation depends on irrigation for cultivation in
(A)Assam (B) West Bengal (C) Punjab (D) West UP
Major plantation crops of India are
(A) Sugar cane (B) Rubber (C)Arhar (D) Tomato
Largest producer of sugar cane in the world
(A) China (B) India (C) Brazil (D) USA
Apple is a major produce of
(A) Uttar pradesh (B) Himanchal Pradesh (C) Sikkim (D) J & K

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AGRICULTURE – Best Notes for 2024

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